Momwe Mungalumikizire Ma XLR Connectors: Buku Lonse la Chingwe cha Audio

Ngati mumagwira ntchito ndi mawu aukadaulo, mukudziwa kuti zingwe za XLR zomwe mwasankha ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zingwe zogulidwa m'sitolo zimasweka nthawi yomwe mumazifuna kwambiri, ndipo sizimafika kutalika komwe mukufuna pakukonzekera kwanu. Kuphunzira kulumikiza zolumikizira za XLR nokha kumasunga ndalama ndipo kumakupatsani zingwe zodalirika zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Bukuli likukutsogolerani njira zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma studio aukadaulo komanso makina ojambulira mawu amoyo. Muphunzira zoyambira zamawu oyenera, njira zoyenera zosokera, komanso momwe mungayesere zingwe zanu zomalizidwa. Mukamaliza, mudzakhala mukupanga zingwe za XLR zomwe zimagwirizana kapena kupambana chilichonse chomwe mungagule.
Zoyambira pa Kulumikiza Ma waya a XLR: Momwe Ma Audio Oyenera Amagwirira Ntchito

Pinout Yokhazikika ya XLR: Kumvetsetsa Ma Pin 1, 2, ndi 3
Bungwe la Audio Engineering Society (AES) limakhazikitsa muyezo wa makampani pa ntchito zogawa ma pin a XLR. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana zigwirizane.
Pin 1: Kulumikizana kwa Pansi/Chishango Pin 1 imalumikizana ndi chishango cholukidwa cha chingwe chanu. Chishango ichi chimagwira ntchito ngati khola loteteza kuzungulira mawaya anu a chizindikiro, kusokoneza ma elekitiromagineti ndi phokoso la ma wailesi musanasokoneze mawu anu.
Pin 2: Chizindikiro Chabwino/"Chotentha" Pin 2 imanyamula chizindikiro chanu chachikulu cha mawu - chowongolera "chotentha" kapena chabwino. Waya uwu umatumiza mawu anu oyamba momwe amachokera kochokera.
Pin 3: Chizindikiro Choyipa/"Chozizira" Pin 3 ili ndi kopi yosinthidwa ya chizindikiro chanu, yosinthidwa madigiri 180 kuchokera pagawo ndi Pin 2. Chowongolera ichi "chozizira" kapena choyipa ndicho chimapangitsa kuti mawu omveka bwino akhale apadera.
Njira Yosavuta Yokumbukira Akatswiri ambiri opanga mawu amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi yokumbukira: X (nthaka/pansi pa Pin 1), L (yamoyo/yotentha pa Pin 2), R (yobwerera/yozizira pa Pin 3).
Dziwani: Zida zakale zaku America zinkagwiritsa ntchito "Pin 3 hot," koma muyezo wa AES wa masiku ano wa "Pin 2 hot" ndi womwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zonse yang'anani zofunikira za zida zanu, makamaka ndi zida zakale.
Chifukwa Chake Zingwe Zoyenera za XLR Zimapambana Malumikizidwe Osalinganika
Kulankhula bwino ndi njira imodzi mwanzeru kwambiri yothetsera mavuto a phokoso mu audio ya pro. Momwe imakanira kusokonezedwa kumapangitsa kuti mawaya a XLR akhale ofunikira mukafuna ma signali oyera.
Momwe Ma Audio Oyenera Amagwirira Ntchito Chizindikiro chanu choyambirira cha mawu chimagawidwa m'makope awiri ofanana. Kope limodzi limatsika ndi Pin 2 losasinthika. Kope lachiwiri limasinthidwa madigiri 180 ndikutsika ndi Pin 3. Zizindikiro zonse ziwiri zimakumana ndi kusokoneza komweko zikadutsa mu chingwe.
Matsenga Oletsa Phokoso Apa ndi pomwe zimakhalira zanzeru: chipangizo cholandirira chimatembenuza chizindikiro cha Pin 3 kubwerera ku polarity yake yoyambirira ndikuchiphatikiza ndi Pin 2. Tsopano ma signal anu oyamba a audio abwereranso mu gawo ndipo amawonjezeredwa pamodzi, kukhala amphamvu kawiri (6dB gain). Pakadali pano, phokoso lofanana pa mawaya onse awiri tsopano silikugwiranso ntchito ndipo limadziletsa lokha.
Ubwino wa Kutali ndi Kuchita Bwino Kukana phokoso kumeneku kumalola zingwe za XLR zolumikizidwa bwino kuyenda mamita oposa 300 popanda vuto. Yerekezerani zimenezo ndi zingwe zosakhazikika, zomwe zimayamba kumva phokoso pambuyo pa mamita 25 ndipo zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali m'malo odziwika bwino.
Mauthenga abwinobwino amamveka bwino m'malo ovuta a RF monga malo ochitira ma konsati ndi malo oulutsira mawu. Ngakhale kuti kulumikizana kosakhazikika kumakhudza kusokonezeka kwa mafoni ndi phokoso la kuwala, chingwe cha XLR chopangidwa bwino chimakhalabe choyera ngakhale m'malo omwe magetsi amaphulika.
Zida Zomwe Mukufuna Pogulitsa XLR
Mndandanda wa Zipangizo Zofunikira
Kupanga zingwe zaukadaulo za XLR kumafuna zida zoyenera. Zida zabwino zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta komanso zimathandiza kuti zingwe zanu zigwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zida Zogulitsira Zazikulu:

● Chitsulo Chosungunula: 30-40W yokhala ndi kutentha koyenera imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa zolumikizira mawu. Pewani zitsulo zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kusungunula ziwalo za pulasitiki
● Solder: 60/40 rosin-core solder ndiye muyezo waukadaulo. 63/37 eutectic imayenda bwino koma imadula mtengo kwambiri
● Zotsukira Mawaya: Pangani ma stripper olondola a waya woyezera pang'ono kuti musawononge ma conductor
● Zodulira Zotsukira: Zodulira zabwino zimadula bwino popanda kusokoneza waya
● Manja Othandiza: Chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito kale kapena kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamasunga zolumikizira zolimba pamene mukusokera
● Multimeter: Mita ya digito yokhala ndi beep yopitilira poyesa zingwe zanu zomalizidwa
Zida Zotetezera: Valani magalasi oteteza nthawi zonse kuti muteteze ku solder splatter. Gwirani ntchito pamalo opumira bwino kuti mupewe kupuma utsi wotuluka. Sungani siponji yonyowa pafupi kuti muyeretse nsonga yanu yachitsulo - izi zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuyende bwino komanso solder ikuyenda bwino.
Kukhazikitsa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito: Kuwala bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida mosavuta kumapangitsa kuti chilichonse chikhale chosavuta. Mpando woyenera wosokera umateteza malo anu ogwirira ntchito ndipo umakupatsani malo ogwirira ntchito oyera komanso opanda ming'alu.
Kusankha Chingwe Chabwino ndi Zolumikizira
Zipangizo zanu zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe zingwe zanu zomalizidwa zimagwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe zimakhalira. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zimadula mtengo wake poyamba koma zimakupatsani kudalirika komanso kupangika kosavuta.
Zosankha Zaukadaulo Za Chingwe: Ma waya monga Mogami 2534, Canare L-4E6S, ndi Gotham GAC-3 ndi omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri mu audio ya pro. Izi zili ndi mawonekedwe a star-quad kuti phokoso lisamveke bwino, mphamvu yochepa yoti lizigwira ntchito pafupipafupi, komanso ma jekete osinthasintha omwe amagwira ntchito yozungulira komanso kuyenda mobwerezabwereza.
Yang'anani choyezera cha conductor (nthawi zambiri 22-24 AWG), chivundikiro cha chishango (95%+ ndiye chabwino kwambiri), ndi nsalu ya jekete. Majekete a PVC amapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kulimba pa ntchito zambiri, pomwe polyurethane imakhala yosinthasintha nthawi yozizira.
Kuwerengera Ubwino wa Cholumikizira: Zolumikizira za Neutrik (NC3MXX/NC3FXX) ndi Switchcraft (A3M/A3F series) ndi zosankha zaukadaulo. Mitundu iyi imapereka mpumulo wolimba, makina olondola kuti agwirizane bwino, komanso zolumikizira zophimbidwa ndi golide kuti zikhale zodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zizindikiro zabwino zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka chitsulo cholimba, njira zotsekera zosalala, komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika kopangidwa bwino. Dulani zolumikizira za generic zomwe zimakhala ndi zolekerera zoyipa komanso zida zapulasitiki zofooka - nthawi zambiri zimalephera mukamazifuna kwambiri.
Njira Yolumikizira Mawaya a XLR Pang'onopang'ono
Kukonzekera Chingwe: Kukonzekera Kusungunula

Kukonzekera bwino chingwe ndiye maziko a kulumikizana kulikonse kodalirika kwa XLR. Tengani nthawi yanu ndi njira izi - zolakwika apa zimakhudza chilichonse chotsatira.
Musaiwale Boot! (or) Musaiwale Boot! Musanadule chilichonse, tsitsani buti yolumikizira ndikuyika zida zopumulira pa chingwe chanu motsatira dongosolo ndi njira yoyenera. Ichi ndi cholakwika chofala kwambiri popanga chingwe cha DIY - kuiwala kumatanthauza kuchotsa chilichonse ndikuyambiranso. Yambitsani kaye zida zonse kuti muwone komwe zili.
Kuchotsa Jekete Lakunja Chotsani jekete lakunja la mainchesi 25 (25mm) pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lakuthwa kapena chotsukira chingwe. Ikani jekete pang'ono mozungulira, kenako dulani limodzi motalikira mpaka kufika pa chizindikiro chanu. Chotsani jekete mosamala - musadule chishango cholukidwa pansi pake. Zingwe za chishango chowonongeka zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ofooka komanso phokoso losavomerezeka.
Kukonzekera Chishango Kankhirani kumbuyo chishango cha mkuwa cholukidwa kuti muwonetsetse ma conductor amkati. Sonkhanitsani zingwe zonse za chishango ndikuzipotoza mozungulira kukhala conductor imodzi yoyera ya Pin 1. Ngati chingwe chanu chili ndi waya wosiyana wotulutsira madzi (waya wawung'ono wopanda kanthu womwe ukuyenda pambali pa chishango), chipotozeni ndi zingwe za chishango. Conductor iyi yophatikizana iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yoyera kuti ikhale yosavuta kulumikiza.
Kuchotsa Ma Conductor Amkati Dulani 3-4mm (pafupifupi 1/8 inchi) ya chotetezera kutentha kuchokera kwa woyendetsa chizindikiro chilichonse. Gwiritsani ntchito zodulira zabwino kuti mudule bwino popanda kuphwanya zingwe zamkuwa - izi zingafooketse kulumikizana. Mukadula, pindani pang'ono zingwe za woyendetsa aliyense kukhala waya wabwino komanso wolimba womwe ndi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuwunika Ubwino Musanagwiritse ntchito soldering, yang'anani mbali ya chingwe chanu chokonzedwa. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zingwe zosokera za chishango zomwe zingakhudze ma conductor a chizindikiro, onetsetsani kuti kutalika kwa mzerewo kukukwanira bwino m'makapu a soldering a cholumikizira, ndikutsimikizira kuti ma conductor onse apindika bwino ndipo akonzeka kuikidwa mu thireyi.
Kupaka Tinning: Kupaka Patsogolo Kuti Mulumikizane Bwino
Kuyika tinning ndi njira yaukadaulo yomwe imapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa kulumikiza chingwe kwa akatswiri ndi kwa akatswiri. Gawo lopangira tinning iyi limapanga kulumikizana komaliza mwachangu komanso kolimba pomwe kumachepetsa kutentha kwa zida zolumikizira.
Chifukwa Chake Kudula Nsalu N'kofunika Kupaka tinning kumaphimba ma conductor anu okonzedwa komanso makapu a cholumikizira ndi gawo lopyapyala la solder. Ntchito yokonzekerayi imalola kuti solder yomaliza ichitike mwachangu popanda kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chosungunula zigawo za pulasitiki kapena kupanga malo olumikizirana ofooka.
Kukonza Mawaya Anu Tenthetsani kondakitala iliyonse yokonzedwa ndi chitsulo chanu, kenako ikani solder mwachindunji pa waya wotenthedwa (osati nsonga ya chitsulo). Mukachita bwino, solder imalowa mu ulusi wa waya kudzera mu capillary action, ndikupanga nsonga yolimba, yamtundu wa siliva. Waya wothiridwa mu chitini uyenera kuwoneka wowala komanso wosalala, osati wofiirira kapena wamtundu wa grain.
Kukonzekera Makapu Osokera Onjezani solder pang'ono ku chikho chilichonse cha solder cha pini yolumikizira. Tenthetsani chikhocho kuchokera kunja ndi nsonga yanu yachitsulo ndipo onjezerani solder yokwanira kuphimba pansi pa chikhocho. Musadzaze kwambiri, makamaka pa zolumikizira zachikazi komwe solder yochulukirapo ingalowe mu socket.
Kuwunika Ubwino Zidutswa zokulungidwa bwino zimaonetsa malo osalala, owala asiliva okhala ndi madzi abwino osungunula. Pewani kusungunula kozizira (kutentha kokwanira) komwe kumapanga malo osalimba komanso a tinthu tating'onoting'ono omwe sangagwirizane bwino. Sungani nsonga yanu yachitsulo yoyera ndi siponji yonyowa kuti kutentha kusamutse bwino komanso kuti madzi a solder ayende bwino.
Kusungunula Zolumikizira Zachimuna ndi Zachikazi

Kumvetsetsa momwe ma connector amayendera komanso kutsatira njira yokhazikika kumakupatsani zotsatira zabwino komanso zokhazikika. Kumbukirani kuti ma connector aamuna ndi aakazi ndi zithunzi zoyerekeza akamaonedwa kumbuyo.
Kuwongolera kwa Cholumikizira Kuchokera Kumbuyo Mukalumikiza, mukugwira ntchito kuchokera kumbuyo kwa cholumikizira. Zolumikizira zachikazi za XLR zimawonetsa Pin 1 pamwamba kumanja, Pin 2 pamwamba kumanzere, ndi Pin 3 pansi pakati. Zolumikizira zachimuna za XLR zimasinthira izi: Pin 1 pamwamba kumanzere, Pin 2 pamwamba kumanja, ndi Pin 3 pansi pakati. Nthawi zonse yang'anani manambala a pini olembedwa pa cholumikizira m'malo mongoyang'ana mawonekedwe.
Dongosolo Logulitsira Yambani ndi Pin 1 (yophwanyika), kulumikiza chowongolera chopotoka ku chikho choyenera. Kulumikizana kwa chishango nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri pamakina ndipo kumapanga poyambira pabwino. Kenako, chowongolera Pin 2 (yotentha) ndi chowongolera chanu chabwino - nthawi zambiri waya wofiira mu zingwe zokhala ndi mitundu. Malizitsani ndi Pin 3 (yozizira) pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera chanu choipa, nthawi zambiri choyera, chakuda, kapena chabuluu kutengera wopanga chingwe.
Njira Yogulitsira Akatswiri Ikani nsonga yanu yachitsulo kunja kwa chikho chosungunula, osati mwachindunji pa chosungunula kapena waya. Chikho ndi waya wothira zikakhala kutentha koyenera, chosungunula chomwe chagwiritsidwa kale ntchito chimasungunuka ndipo waya wothira zingwe umalowa mosavuta mu dziwe losungunuka. Chotsani chitsulocho ndipo gwirani cholumikiziracho bwino mpaka chosungunulacho chikhale chowala komanso chopindika.
Kuyang'ana Ntchito Yanu Malumikizidwe abwino a solder amawoneka osalala, owala, komanso opindika ndipo amanyowa mozungulira waya ndi kapu. Pewani malumikizidwe ofooka, a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena opindika omwe akusonyeza kuti solder ndi yozizira. Wayawo uyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi solder popanda mipata. Ngati cholumikiziracho chikuwoneka chokayikitsa, chitenthetseninso bwino m'malo moyembekezera kuti chigwire bwino.
Kumanga Komaliza ndi Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika
Kukonza bwino chingwe chanu kumathandizira kuti chingwe chanu chizitha kuthana ndi mavuto aukadaulo. Dongosolo lothandizira kupsinjika limateteza malo olumikizirana a solder kuti asawonongeke chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa chingwe ndi mphamvu yokoka.
Masitepe Osonkhanitsira Yambani poyendetsa chuck yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa pulasitiki pamalo ake pa cholumikizira. Zigawo za pulasitiki izi ziyenera kugwira jekete la chingwe mwamphamvu koma osati molimba kwambiri kuti lisawonongeke. Yang'anani momwe zinthu zilili - kuchepetsa kupsinjika kolakwika kumabweretsa mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti kulephera msanga.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Shell ndi Boot Ikani chipolopolo chachitsulo pamwamba pa cholumikizira chonse, ndikuonetsetsa kuti chikugwirizana ndi makiyi aliwonse. Ikani buti yolumikizira pa chipolopolo, koma musamange mokwanira. Buti iyenera kutsetsereka momasuka pamwamba pa jekete la chingwe popanda kumangirira.
Kuyambitsa Mpumulo wa Kupsinjika Mukamangirira buti pa chipolopolo, makina amkati amakanikiza chuck yochepetsera kupsinjika kuzungulira jekete la chingwe. Limbitsani mwamphamvu koma musapitirire - izi zitha kuwononga jekete la chingwe kapena kukakamiza cholumikizira. Mukufuna kuti chingwe chisungidwe bwino popanda kuwonongeka.
Kufufuza Komaliza Yesani cholumikizira chanu chomalizidwa mwa kukoka chingwe pang'onopang'ono - sipayenera kukhala kusuntha kulikonse pa malo olumikizirana, ndipo chingwecho chiyenera kumva chokhazikika bwino. Cholumikiziracho chiyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi zida zoyesera, ndipo makina otsekera ayenera kugwira ntchito bwino.

Kuyesa ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto a Zingwe za XLR
Kuyesa ndi Multimeter
Kuyesa mwadongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyezera mawaya cha digito kumakupatsani chitsimikizo cholondola cha ntchito yanu yolumikizira mawaya. Njira yaukadaulo iyi imagwira ntchito bwino isanalepheretse ntchitoyo.
Kukhazikitsa Mita Yanu Ikani multimeter yanu ya digito ku continuity mode, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha diode kapena chizindikiro cha mafunde a mawu. Mu mode iyi, mita imalira ikapeza njira yonse yamagetsi pakati pa ma probe oyesera. Kuyankha komveka kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wowonera zolumikizira mukamayesa.
Masitepe Oyesera Kupitiliza Ikani chofufuzira chimodzi pa Pin 1 ya cholumikizira chachimuna ndi china pa Pin 1 ya cholumikizira chachikazi. Muyenera kumva beep yomveka bwino ikuwonetsa kupitilira kwathunthu kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa chishango/pansi. Bwerezani izi pa Pin 2 mpaka Pin 2 ndi Pin 3 mpaka Pin 3. Mayeso onse atatu ayenera kupanga beep yomveka bwino, kutsimikizira kuti njira iliyonse yoyendetsera yatha komanso yolumikizidwa bwino.
Kuyang'ana Maulendo Afupi Yesani kulumikizana kosafunikira pakati pa mapini osiyanasiyana. Ikani ma probe pa Pin 1 ndi Pin 2 ya cholumikizira chomwecho - sipayenera kukhala beep. Bwerezaninso kuphatikiza kwa Pin 1 ndi Pin 3 ndi Pin 2 ndi Pin 3. Beep iliyonse panthawi ya mayeso awa imatanthauza short circuit yomwe iyenera kukonzedwa musanagwiritse ntchito chingwe.
Kuyesa kwa Chipolopolo cha Cholumikizira Malumikizidwe ambiri a XLR amalumikiza chipolopolo chachitsulo ku Pin 1 kuti chitetezeke kwambiri. Yesani pakati pa chipolopolo chachitsulo chilichonse cha cholumikizira ndi Pin 1 kuti mutsimikizire kulumikizanaku ngati kulipo. Komabe, machitidwe amasiyana pakati pa opanga, choncho yang'anani zikalata zolumikizira kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Kusunga Zolemba Makonzedwe a akatswiri amapindula ndi zolemba zoyeserera mwadongosolo. Lembani zotsatira za mayeso kuti mutsimikizire khalidwe ndi mtsogolo momwe mungathandizire kuthetsa mavuto. Mukamapanga zingwe zingapo, kuyesa kosalekeza kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zonse zomwe muli nazo ndi zabwino mofanana.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho Ofala
Kumvetsetsa njira zodziwika bwino zolephera ndi zizindikiro zake kumakuthandizani kuzindikira ndikukonza mawaya ovuta mwachangu. Kulephera kwa mawaya ambiri a XLR kumagawidwa m'magulu odziwikiratu okhala ndi zizindikiro zapadera komanso kukonza kosavuta.
Nkhani Zosintha za Polarity Polarity yobwerera m'mbuyo imachitika pamene ma Pin 2 ndi 3 asinthidwa mbali imodzi ya chingwe. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kufooka kwa chizindikiro ndi kuletsa gawo pamene chingwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zingwe zolumikizidwa bwino mu makonzedwe a maikolofoni ambiri. Mawuwo angamveke ofooka kapena opanda kanthu, makamaka pamene zizindikiro ziphatikizidwa kukhala mono kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni angapo pamodzi. Konzani izi mwa kuchotsa zomangira ndikuyikanso ma pini osinthidwa molondola.
Mavuto Ogwirizana ndi Cold Solder Malumikizidwe ozizira a solder amawoneka osalimba, opanda tinthu, kapena osweka m'malo mosalala komanso owala. Malumikizidwe osadalirika awa amayambitsa mavuto a chizindikiro nthawi ndi nthawi, phokoso losweka, komanso kutaya kwathunthu chingwe chikasuntha. Malumikizidwe ozizira amachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa panthawi yosokera kapena kusuntha ziwalo zisanaume bwino. Konzani mwa kutenthetsanso cholumikiziracho bwino kapena kuchotsa cholumikiziracho kwathunthu ndikuyambanso chatsopano.
Mavuto Otseguka a Dera Kutayika kwathunthu kwa chizindikiro nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza dera lotseguka - kondakitala wosweka kapena cholumikizira cha solder chomwe chalephera kwathunthu. Kulephera kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamalo opanikizika pomwe chingwe chimalowa mu cholumikizira. Madera otseguka nthawi ndi nthawi, pomwe chizindikiro chimabwera ndikupita ndi kayendedwe ka chingwe, nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kusweka kwa chingwe cha waya pafupi ndi cholumikizira kapena cholumikizira cha solder chomwe chalephera pang'ono.
Mavuto a Pansi ndi Mphepo Kulephera kwa Pin 1 (pansi) kumalola phokoso kutengedwa ndipo kungapangitse kuti phokoso la pansi liziwoneka ngati 50/60Hz mu chizindikiro chanu cha mawu. Vutoli limawonekera makamaka ndi maikolofoni oyendetsedwa ndi phantom, omwe sangagwire ntchito konse ndi kulumikizana kwa pansi komwe kwasweka chifukwa mphamvu ya phantom imafuna dera lonse la DC kudzera pa Pin 1.
Mafunso Ofala Okhudza Kulumikizana kwa XLR
Kodi mawaya atatu omwe ali mu chingwe cha XLR ndi ati ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Chingwe cha XLR chili ndi ma conductor atatu omwe ali ndi ntchito yapadera yotumizira mawu moyenera. Pin 1 imalumikizana ndi chishango cholukidwa, kupereka mawonekedwe apansi ndi chitetezo chamagetsi mwa kujambula kusokoneza kwakunja ndikuchiyendetsa bwino pansi m'malo molola kuti chiipitse chizindikiro chanu cha mawu. Pin 2 imakhala ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha mawu "otentha", ndikutumiza mawonekedwe oyambira momwe amawonekera komwe kumachokera. Pin 3 imakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa cha "ozizira", chomwe chili kunja kwa gawo la 180° ndi Pin 2, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukana kwa njira yodziwika bwino kumapangitsa kuti mawu olinganizidwa akhale abwino kuposa maulumikizidwe osalinganika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri.
Kodi mtundu wa waya ndi wofunika mukalumikiza zolumikizira za XLR?
Ngakhale kuti palibe muyezo wa mitundu yonse womwe umalamulidwa ndi AES kapena mabungwe ena ofunikira, kusinthasintha pakati pa malekezero onse a chingwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale polarity yoyenera. Machitidwe ofala kwambiri m'makampani ndi ofiira a Pin 2 (otentha), oyera kapena akuda a Pin 3 (ozizira), ndi mkuwa wopanda kanthu kapena wobiriwira wa Pin 1 (wopanda nthaka). Opanga zingwe akatswiri monga Mogami, Canare, ndi Gotham ali ndi mitundu yawo yomwe amakonda - Mogami nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito yofiira ndi yoyera, pomwe Canare nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito yoyera ndi yabuluu. Lamulo lofunika kwambiri ndikusunga mawaya ofanana mbali zonse ziwiri mosasamala kanthu za mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zolumikizira za XLR za amuna ndi akazi mumakina amawu?
Zolumikizira za amuna za XLR zimakhala ndi mapini otuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana ndi magwero a zizindikiro monga maikolofoni, zotulutsa zida, ndi zotulutsa zida. Zolumikizira za akazi za XLR zimakhala ndi malo olumikizira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana ndi malo olumikizira zizindikiro monga zolowetsa zosakaniza, zolowetsa zotulutsa zotulutsa, ndi zolowetsa zida. Njira iyi ya "zotulutsa ndi za amuna, zolowetsa ndi za akazi" imaletsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mayankho ndipo imatsatira miyezo yokhazikika yamakampani amawu. Kapangidwe kake kamathandizanso kuti kayendedwe ka chizindikiro kayende bwino ndipo kamathandiza kupewa zolakwika za mawaya m'makina ovuta amawu.
Kodi mungathe kulumikiza zolumikizira za XLR kuti zigwirizane ndi zizindikiro zosamveka bwino?
Inde, zolumikizira za XLR zimatha kunyamula zizindikiro zosalinganika, ngakhale izi sizipereka ubwino waukulu wa mphamvu yolinganiza mawu - kukana phokoso. Polumikiza zotulutsa za XLR zolinganika ku zolowetsa zosalinganika (monga ma jacks a gitala a TS), njira yokhazikika imalumikiza Pin 2 ku nsonga (signal) ndikulumikiza Pin 1 (ground) ndi Pin 3 (cold) ku sleeve (ground). Izi zimaletsa chizindikiro chozizira kuti chisayandikire ndikugwira ntchito ngati antenna yojambulira phokoso. Komabe, kulumikizana komwe kumachitika kumataya zabwino zonse zokanidwa kwa mode ndipo kuyenera kusungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa momwe kungathekere.
Kodi ndimayesa bwanji zingwe za XLR popanda multimeter?
Ngakhale kuti multimeter imapereka mayeso odalirika komanso olondola kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito oyambira amatha kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yosinthika yolumikizidwa ku chosakanizira kapena mawonekedwe amawu. Maikolofoni yosinthika safuna mphamvu ya phantom, kotero amagwira ntchito ngakhale ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono apansi. Lumikizani maikolofoni kudzera mu chingwe chanu choyesera ndikumvetsera kutulutsa kwa chizindikiro choyera popanda kusweka, kusiya, kapena phokoso lachilendo mukasuntha chingwe. Komabe, njira iyi sidzagwira kutembenuka kwa polarity, kusagwirizana kwa impedance, kapena zolakwika zazing'ono zamawaya zomwe zingayambitse mavuto mu makina ambiri a maikolofoni kapena ndi zida zamagetsi za phantom.
N’chifukwa chiyani mawaya anga a XLR amatulutsa mawu olira kapena olira?
Kulira ndi phokoso mu zingwe za XLR nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza mavuto okhudzana ndi nthaka kapena kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma. Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana kwa zingwe zosweka (Pin 1), kutchingira chingwe kowonongeka, kuzungulira kwa nthaka pakati pa zida zolumikizidwa, kapena mawaya osayenera a Pin 1. Pa maikolofoni opangidwa ndi phantom-powered condenser, kulumikizana kwa nthaka kosweka kudzaletsa maikolofoni kugwira ntchito kwathunthu chifukwa mphamvu ya phantom imafuna dera lonse la DC kudzera pa Pin 1. Zinthu zachilengedwe monga kuyandikira kwa ma transformer amagetsi, ma dimmer circuits, kapena magwero a RF zingathandizenso kukweza phokoso mu zingwe zotetezedwa kapena zowonongeka molakwika.
Kodi kutalika kwakukulu kwa zingwe za XLR ndi kotani chizindikiro chisanafike poipa?
Zingwe za XLR zomangidwa bwino zimatha kuyenda mamita 100+ popanda kutayika kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro, chifukwa cha kukana kwa ma audio omwe amayendetsedwa bwino. Komabe, zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndi monga kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chingwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma frequency ambiri azitha kuyenda bwino, mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha kukana kwa ma ground loop nthawi yayitali, komanso zotsatirapo za kukana kwa cholumikizira. Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zopitilira mamita 200, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a chingwe chocheperako, ma balanced line driver, kapena njira zotumizira digito. Kuchita bwino kwa XLR yolinganizidwa bwino kuposa maulumikizidwe osalinganizidwa kumaonekera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma cable kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi ndingakonze cholumikizira cha XLR chomwe chawonongeka, kapena ndiyenera kuchisintha?
Mavuto osavuta monga kuchepetsa kupsinjika, kukhudzana ndi zinthu zodetsedwa, kapena mavuto ang'onoang'ono amakina nthawi zambiri amatha kukonzedwa ndi kukonza koyambira. Kuyeretsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zoyenera (monga DeoxIT) kumatha kuthetsa mavuto a okosijeni ndi kuipitsidwa. Komabe, mapini owonongeka, matupi olumikizira osweka, makina otsekeka olephera, kapena mawaya amkati omwe awonongeka nthawi zambiri amafunika kusintha cholumikizira chonse. Popeza zolumikizira zaukadaulo za XLR zimawononga $5-15, kusintha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kodalirika komanso kotsika mtengo kuposa kuyesa kukonza zovuta. Ntchito yomwe imachitika pakuchotsa, kukonza, ndi kukonzanso zinthu nthawi zambiri imaposa mtengo wa zolumikizira zatsopano pomwe imapereka kudalirika kosadziwika.
Kumaliza
Kuphunzira kulumikiza mawaya a XLR ndi luso lofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri olankhula komanso okonda kwambiri mawu. Njira zomwe zili mu bukhuli - kuyambira kumvetsetsa chiphunzitso cha mawu olinganizidwa bwino mpaka njira zoyesera mwadongosolo - zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zingwe zodalirika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa njira zina zamalonda pomwe zikupereka kutalika koyenera kwa mapulogalamu anu enieni.
Kupambana pakugwiritsa ntchito mawaya aukadaulo a XLR kumadalira mfundo zitatu zazikulu: kuyika ndalama mu zida ndi zida zabwino, kutenga nthawi yokwanira yokonzekera bwino komanso njira, ndikukhazikitsa mayeso okonzedwa kuti mutsimikizire ntchito yanu. Kaya mukumanga studio yakunyumba, kukonza zida zamawu, kapena kugwira ntchito m'malo ochitira ma audio aukadaulo, maluso awa amapereka maziko a makina odalirika komanso ogwira ntchito bwino.
Kumbukirani kuti kudalirika kwa chingwe kumakhudza mwachindunji mbiri yanu yaukadaulo. Chingwe cha XLR chomangidwa bwino sichimangoyimira kulumikizana pakati pa zida zokha, komanso ulalo wofunikira mu unyolo wanu wamawu womwe uyenera kugwira ntchito bwino nthawi ikafunika kwambiri. Ndalama zomwe mumapeza pophunzira njirazi zimapindula chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito, kudalirika kwa makina, komanso kukhutira popanga zida zabwino kwambiri ndi manja anu.