Indlela Yokuxhuma Izixhumi ze-XLR: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wekhebula Lomsindo
Uma usebenza ngomsindo wobungcweti, uyazi ukuthi izintambo ze-XLR ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyinto okufanele ube nayo. Izintambo ezithengwa esitolo ziyaphuka uma uzidinga kakhulu, futhi azifiki ngobude obuqondile obudingayo ukuze usethe. Ukufunda ukuxhuma izixhumi ze-XLR ngokwakho konga imali futhi kukunikeza izintambo ezithembekile ezakhiwe ngokwezidingo zakho.
Lo mhlahlandlela ukukuqondisa ngezindlela ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa kuma-studio ochwepheshe kanye nokusethwa komsindo obukhoma. Uzofunda izisekelo zomsindo ezilinganiselayo, izindlela ezifanele zokunamathisela, kanye nendlela yokuhlola izintambo zakho eziqediwe. Ngesikhathi usuqedile, uzobe wakha izintambo ze-XLR ezifanela noma ezidlula noma yini ongayithenga.
Izisekelo Zokuxhuma Izintambo ze-XLR: Indlela Umsindo Olinganiselayo Osebenza Ngayo
I-Pinout ejwayelekile ye-XLR: Ukuqonda Amaphini 1, 2, kanye no-3
I-Audio Engineering Society (AES) ibeka indinganiso yemboni yokunikezwa kwamaphini e-XLR. Lokhu kugcina imishini evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ihambisana.
Iphini 1: Ukuxhumeka Komhlaba/Isihlangu Iphinikhodi 1 ixhumeka esivikelweni sekhebula lakho esilukiwe. Lesi sivikelo sisebenza njengekheji elivikelayo elizungeze izintambo zakho zesiginali, sibamba ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kanye nomsindo wemvamisa yomsakazo ngaphambi kokuthi kuphazamise umsindo wakho.
Iphini 2: Isignali Enhle/"Eshisayo" Iphini 2 ithwala isignali yakho yomsindo eyinhloko - umqhubi "oshisayo" noma omuhle. Le ntambo ithumela umsindo wakho wokuqala njengoba uvela emthonjeni.
Iphinikhodi 3: Isignali Engalungile/"Ebandayo" Iphini 3 iphethe ikhophi eguquliwe yesiginali yakho, iguqulwe ngamadigri angu-180 ngaphandle kwesigaba ngephini 2. Lo mqhubi "obandayo" noma ongemuhle yiwona owenza umsindo olinganiselayo ube ngokhethekile.
Indlela Elula Yokukhumbula Onjiniyela abaningi bomsindo basebenzisa leli qhinga lokukhumbula: X (umhlaba/umhlabathi wePin 1), L (bukhoma/kushisa kwePin 2), R (ukubuyisela/kubanda kwePin 3).
Qaphela: Ezinye izinto ezindala zaseMelika zazisebenzisa i-"Pin 3 hot," kodwa indinganiso ye-AES yanamuhla ye-"Pin 2 hot" yiyo esetshenziswa yiwo wonke umuntu. Hlola njalo imininingwane yemishini yakho, ikakhulukazi ngezinto zakudala.
Kungani Amakhebula E-XLR Alinganiselayo Enqoba Ukuxhumeka Okungalinganiseli
Umsindo olinganiselayo ungenye yezixazululo ezihlakaniphile kakhulu zezinkinga zomsindo kumsindo we-pro. Indlela owenqaba ngayo ukuphazamiseka yenza izintambo ze-XLR zibaluleke kakhulu uma udinga amasignali ahlanzekile.
Indlela Umsindo Olinganiselayo Osebenza Ngayo Isignali yakho yomsindo yokuqala ihlukaniswa ibe amakhophi amabili afanayo. Ikhophi eyodwa yehla nge-Pin 2 ingashintshiwe. Ikhophi yesibili iphenduka ngamadigri angu-180 bese yehla nge-Pin 3. Womabili amasignali athola ukuphazamiseka okufanayo njengoba ehamba ngekhebula.
Umlingo Wokukhansela Umsindo Nakhu lapho kuba khona ubuhlakani: umshini wokwamukela uphendula isignali ye-Pin 3 uyibuyisele ku-polarity yayo yokuqala bese uyihlanganisa ne-Pin 2. Manje amasignali akho omsindo okuqala asebuyele esigabeni futhi ahlanganiswa ndawonye, abe namandla aphindwe kabili (inzuzo ye-6dB). Okwamanje, umsindo ofanayo kuzo zombili izintambo manje awusekho esigabeni futhi uyazikhansela.
Izinzuzo Zebanga Nokusebenza Lokhu kwenqatshwa komsindo kuvumela izintambo ze-XLR ezinezintambo ezifanele ukuthi zisebenze ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-300 ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Qhathanisa lokho nezintambo ezingalingani, eziqala ukuzwa umsindo ngemva kwamamitha angu-25 bese zingasebenzi isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Umsindo olinganiselayo ukhanya ngempela ezindaweni ezinzima ze-RF njengezindawo zamakhonsathi nezindawo zokusakaza. Nakuba ukuxhumana okungalinganiseli kuphatha ukuphazamiseka kwefoni yeselula nomsindo wokukhanya, ikhebula le-XLR elenziwe kahle lihlala lihlanzekile ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomsindo kagesi.
Amathuluzi Owadingayo Ekushiseni Nge-XLR
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwemishini Ebalulekile
Ukwakha izintambo ze-XLR zobungcweti kudinga amathuluzi afanele. Amathuluzi amahle enza umsebenzi ube lula futhi asize izintambo zakho zihlale isikhathi eside.
Amathuluzi Okubophela Okuyinhloko:
● Insimbi Yokunamathisela: 30-40W enokulawula izinga lokushisa isebenza kahle kakhulu ezixhumini zomsindo. Gwema izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezingancibilikisa izingxenye zepulasitiki
● I-Solder: I-solder engu-60/40 rosin-core iyindinganiso yochwepheshe. I-63/37 eutectic igeleza kahle kodwa ibiza kakhulu
● Izicucu Zezintambo: Yenza ama-stripper aqondile enziwe ngentambo encane ukuze ugweme ukulimaza abaqhubi
● Izisiki Zokuhlanza: Izisiki zekhwalithi zisika kahle ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwentambo
● Izandla Zokusiza: Ithuluzi elisetshenziswa okwesithathu noma i-vise encane ibamba izixhumi ziqine ngenkathi uhlanganisa
● I-Multimeter: Imitha yedijithali enomsindo wokuqhubeka kokuhlola izintambo zakho eziqediwe
Izinto Zokuphepha: Gqoka njalo izibuko zokuphepha ukuze uvikeleke ekuqhekekeni kwe-solder. Sebenza endaweni enomoya omuhle ukuze ugweme ukuphefumula umusi ogelezayo. Gcina isiponji esimanzi siseduze ukuhlanza isihloko sakho sensimbi - lokhu kugcina ukudluliselwa kokushisa kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi i-solder igeleza kahle.
Ukusethwa Kwendawo Yokusebenzela: Ukukhanya okuhle kanye nokufinyelela kalula kwamathuluzi kwenza konke kube lula. Umata ofanele wokunamathisela uvikela indawo yakho yokusebenza futhi ukukunikeza indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile, engenazithiyo.
Ukukhetha Ikhebula Nezixhumi Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu
Izinto zakho zokusetshenziswa zithinta ngqo ukuthi izintambo zakho eziqediwe zisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Izingxenye ze-Pro-grade zibiza kakhulu kusengaphambili kodwa zikunikeza ukuthembeka okungcono kanye nokuhlanganiswa okulula.
Izinketho Zekhebula Lobungcweti: Amakhebula afana ne-Mogami 2534, i-Canare L-4E6S, kanye ne-Gotham GAC-3 ayindinganiso yegolide kumsindo we-pro. Lawa afaka i-geometry ye-star-quad ukuze kwenqatshwe umsindo kangcono, amandla aphansi okuphendula imvamisa ende, kanye namajakethi aguquguqukayo aphatha ukugoqa nokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe.
Funa i-conductor gauge (ngokuvamile i-22-24 AWG), isembozo sesihlangu (i-95%+ ingcono kakhulu), kanye nezinto zejakethi. Amajakethi e-PVC anikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle nokuqina kokusetshenziswa okuningi, kuyilapho i-polyurethane ihlala iguquguqukayo lapho kubanda.
Ukubalwa Kwekhwalithi Yesixhumi: Izixhumi ze-Neutrik (uchungechunge lwe-NC3MXX/NC3FXX) kanye ne-Switchcraft (uchungechunge lwe-A3M/A3F) ziyisinqumo sobungcweti. Lezi zinhlobo zinikeza ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka okuqinile, imishini enembile ukuze kulingane kahle, kanye nokuxhumana okumbozwe ngegolide ukuze kuthembeke isikhathi eside.
Izinkomba zekhwalithi zifaka ukwakhiwa kwensimbi eqinile, izindlela zokukhiya ezibushelelezi, kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka okuklanywe kahle. Yeqa izixhumi ezijwayelekile ezinezimo ezibuthakathaka zokubekezelelana kanye nezingxenye zepulasitiki ezibuthakathaka - zivame ukwehluleka uma uzidinga kakhulu.
Inqubo Yokuxhuma Izintambo ze-XLR Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
Ukulungiswa Kwekhebula: Ukulungela Ukushiswa
Ukulungiswa kahle kwekhebula kuyisisekelo salo lonke uxhumano lwe-XLR oluthembekile. Zinike isikhathi ngalezi zinyathelo - amaphutha lapha athinta konke okulandelayo.
Ungakhohlwa i-Boot! Ngaphambi kokusika noma yini, slayida ibhuthi lesixhumi bese ucindezela izingxenye zokukhulula ekhebula lakho ngokulandelana okufanele kanye nesiqondiso esifanele. Leli yiphutha elivame kakhulu ekwakheni ikhebula le-DIY - ukukhohlwa kusho ukuhlukanisa yonke into bese uqala kabusha. Faka zonke izingxenye zomile kuqala ukuze uhlole ukuma kwazo.
Ukususa Ijazi Langaphandle Hlubula ijakethi yangaphandle engaba yi-intshi elilodwa (25mm) usebenzisa i-blade ebukhali noma i-cable stripper. Hluba ijakethi kancane nxazonke, bese usike eyodwa ubude ukuze ufinyelele uphawu lwakho lokushaya amaphuzu. Hlubula ijakethi ngokucophelela - ungalikhiphi isivikelo esilukiwe ngaphansi. Imicu yesivikelo eyonakele idala amaphuzu abuthakathaka futhi ilimaze ukwenqatshwa komsindo.
Ukulungiselela Isihlangu Cindezela emuva isivikelo sethusi esilukiwe ukuze uveze ama-conductor angaphakathi. Hlanganisa yonke imicu yesivikelo bese uyijika ngokwewashi ibe yi-conductor eyodwa ecocekile yePin 1. Uma ikhebula lakho linentambo yokukhipha amanzi ehlukile (intambo encane engenalutho egijima eceleni kwesivikelo), yijike ngemicu yesivikelo. Lo mqhubi ohlangene kufanele abe qinile futhi acocekile ukuze kube lula ukunamathela.
Ukususa Abaqhubi Bangaphakathi Hlukanisa u-3-4mm (cishe u-1/8 intshi) wokushisa kusuka kumqhubi wesignali ngamunye. Sebenzisa izihlikihli zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze uthole ukusikeka okuhlanzekile ngaphandle kokushaya imicu yethusi - lokhu kungenza uxhumano lube buthaka. Ngemva kokuhlubula, jika kancane imicu yomqhubi ngamunye ibe ucingo oluhlanzekile noluqinile okulula ukuluphatha.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Ngaphambi kokunamathisela nge-solder, hlola ukuphela kwekhebula lakho elilungisiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi azikho izintambo zesivikelo ezilahlekile ezithinta ama-conducter esignali, hlola ukuthi ubude be-strip bulingana kahle ezinkomishini ze-solder zesixhumi, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke ama-conductor asontekile kahle futhi alungele ukufakwa nge-tinning.
Ukufaka i-tinning: Ukumboza Ngaphambi Kokuxhunywa Okungcono
I-tinning iyindlela yobungcweti eyenza umehluko phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kwekhebula okungama-amateur kanye nochwepheshe. Lesi sinyathelo sokunamathela ngaphambi kokubopha sidala ukuxhumana kokugcina okusheshayo nokuqinile ngenkathi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa ezingxenyeni zesixhumi.
Kungani Ukugoqa Kubalulekile Ukufaka i-tinning kuhlanganisa kokubili ama-conductor akho alungisiwe kanye nezinkomishi ze-solder zesixhumi ngesendlalelo esincane se-solder. Lo msebenzi wokulungiselela uvumela ukunamathela kokugcina kwenzeke ngokushesha ngokushisa okuncane, kunciphisa ingozi yokuncibilikisa izingxenye zepulasitiki noma ukudala amalunga abuthakathaka.
Ukulungisa Izintambo Zakho Fudumeza umqhubi ngamunye olungisiwe ngensimbi yakho, bese ufaka i-solder ngqo entanjeni efudumele (hhayi encanyeni yensimbi). Uma kwenziwe kahle, i-solder igeleza ezintanjeni zentambo ngesenzo se-capillary, idale incanyeni eqinile, enombala wesiliva. Intambo efakwe ethini kufanele ibukeke ikhanya futhi ibushelelezi, ingabi buthuntu noma ibe luhlaza.
Ukulungiselela Izinkomishi Zokusonga Faka inani elincane le-solder endebeni ngayinye ye-solder yephini lokuxhumanisa. Shisisa indebe ungaphandle ngesihloko sakho sensimbi bese ufaka i-solder eyanele ukumboza phansi kwendebe. Ungagcwalisi ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezixhumini zesifazane lapho i-solder eningi ingaconsa khona engosini.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Izingxenye ezifakwe kahle ethini zibonisa izindawo zesiliva ezibushelelezi nezikhanyayo ezinokugeleza okuhle kwe-solder. Gwema ukugoqa okubandayo (ukushisa okwanele) okudala izindawo ezibuthuntu nezinezinhlayiya ezingeke zihlangane kahle. Gcina isihloko sakho sensimbi sihlanzekile ngesiponji esimanzi ukuze udlulise ukushisa kahle futhi ugeleze kahle kwe-solder.
Izixhumi Zokubopha Zabesilisa Nabesifazane
Ukuqonda ukuqondiswa kwezixhumi nokulandela indlela ehlelekile kukunikeza imiphumela ehambisanayo neyobungcweti. Khumbula ukuthi izixhumi zesilisa nezesifazane ziyizithombe zesibuko uma zibukwa ngemuva.
Ukuqondiswa Kwesixhumi Kusukela Ngemuva Uma uhlanganisa i-solder, usebenza ngemuva kwesixhumi. Izixhumi ze-XLR zesifazane zibonisa i-Pin 1 phezulu kwesokudla, i-Pin 2 phezulu kwesobunxele, kanye ne-Pin 3 phansi enkabeni. Izixhumi ze-XLR zesilisa zibuyisela lokhu emuva: Phina 1 phezulu kwesobunxele, i-Pin 2 phezulu kwesokudla, kanye ne-Pin 3 phansi enkabeni. Hlola njalo izinombolo ze-pin ezimakwe kusixhumi kunokuba ulandele nje amaphethini abonakalayo.
I-oda Lokushisela Qala ngePin 1 (phansi), unamathisele i-twist shield shield conductor endebeni efanele. Ukuxhumeka kwesihlangu kuvame ukuba namandla kakhulu ngokomshini futhi kwenza indawo enhle yokuqala. Okulandelayo, faka i-solder Pin 2 (eshisayo) nge-positive conductor yakho - ngokuvamile ucingo olubomvu olufakwe izintambo ezinemibala. Qedela ngePin 3 (ebandayo) usebenzisa i-negative conductor yakho, ngokuvamile emhlophe, emnyama, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye ngokuthi umenzi wekhebula unjani.
Indlela Yokushisela Yobungcweti Beka isihloko sakho sensimbi ngaphandle kwendebe yokusoda, hhayi ngqo ku-solder noma ucingo. Uma zombili izinkomishi kanye nocingo olufakwe ethini zifinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele, i-solder esetshenziswe ngaphambilini iyancibilika bese ucingo olufakwe ethini lushelela kalula echibini elincibilikisiwe. Susa insimbi bese ubamba uxhumano lunganyakazi kuze kube yilapho i-solder iqina ibe yisiphetho esicwebezelayo nesigobile.
Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wakho Izihlanganisi ezinhle ze-solder zibukeka zibushelelezi, zicwebezela, futhi zigobile futhi zimanzi ngokuphelele nxazonke kwentambo nendebe. Gwema izihlanganisi ezibuthuntu, ezinamabala, noma ezigobile ezibonisa ukunamathelana okubandayo. Intambo kufanele izungezwe ngokuphelele yi-solder engenazikhala. Uma ilunga libonakala lingabaza, lifudumale kahle kunokuba unethemba lokuthi lihlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kokugcina Nokukhululeka Kokucindezeleka
Ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lakho liphatha ukucindezeleka kokusetshenziswa kobungcweti. Uhlelo lokukhulula ukucindezeleka luvikela amalunga akho e-solder ekwehlulekeni ngenxa yokunyakaza kwekhebula kanye namandla okudonsa.
Izinyathelo Zokuhlanganisa Qala ngokuslayida i-chuck yokukhulula ukucindezeleka kwepulasitiki uyibeke endaweni yayo emzimbeni wesixhumi. Lezi zingxenye zepulasitiki kufanele zibambe ijakethi yekhebula ngokuqinile kodwa zingaqini kakhulu kangangokuthi ziyoyishintsha. Hlola ukuhambisana - ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka okungaqondile kudala amaphuzu okucindezeleka abangela ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi.
Ukufakwa kweShell kanye neBoot Slayida igobolondo lensimbi phezu kwayo yonke inhlanganisela yesixhumi, uqiniseke ukuthi ihambisana nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokhiye. Faka ibhuthi yesixhumi ebhuthini, kodwa ungaliqinisi ngokugcwele okwamanje. Ibhuthi kufanele lishelele ngokukhululeka phezu kwejakhethi yekhebula ngaphandle kokubopha.
Ukuvuselela Ukukhululeka Kokucindezeleka Njengoba uqinisa ibhuthi egobolondweni, indlela yangaphakathi icindezela i-strain relief chuck ezungeze i-cable jacket. Qinisa kakhulu kodwa ungayeqisi - lokhu kungalimaza i-cable jacket noma kucindezele umzimba wesixhumi. Ufuna ukugcinwa kwe-cable okuphephile ngaphandle komonakalo.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Hlola isixhumi sakho esiqediwe ngokudonsa ikhebula ngobumnene - akufanele kube nokunyakaza ezindaweni zokuxhumanisa, futhi ikhebula kufanele lizizwe linamathele kahle. Isixhumi kufanele sihlangane futhi sihlukane kahle nemishini yokuhlola, futhi indlela yokukhiya kufanele ihlanganyele kahle.
Ukuhlola Nokuxazulula Izinkinga Zezintambo ze-XLR
Ukuhlola nge-Multimeter
Ukuhlola okuhlelekile nge-multimeter yedijithali kukunikeza ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile komsebenzi wakho wokuxhuma izintambo. Le ndlela yobungcweti ibamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukwehluleka emkhakheni.
Ukusetha Imitha Yakho Setha i-multimeter yakho yedijithali kwimodi yokuqhubeka, evame ukuphawulwa ngophawu lwe-diode noma isithonjana segagasi lomsindo. Kule modi, imitha iyakhala uma ithola indlela kagesi ephelele phakathi kwama-probe okuhlola. Le mpendulo ezwakalayo ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke izixhumi ngenkathi uhlola.
Izinyathelo Zokuhlola Ukuqhubeka Beka i-probe eyodwa ku-Pin 1 yesixhumi sesilisa kanye nenye ku-Pin 1 yesixhumi sesifazane. Kufanele uzwe umsindo ocacile obonisa ukuqhubeka okuphelele ngokuxhumeka kwesihlangu/phansi. Phinda lokhu ku-Pin 2 kuya ku-Pin 2 kanye ne-Pin 3 kuya ku-Pin 3. Zonke izivivinyo ezintathu kufanele zikhiqize umsindo ocacile, oqinisekisa ukuthi indlela ngayinye yomqhubi iphelele futhi ixhunywe kahle.
Ukuhlola Ama-Short Circuits Hlola ukuxhumana okungadingeki phakathi kwamaphini ahlukene. Beka ama-probe ku-Pin 1 kanye ne-Pin 2 yesixhumi esifanayo - akufanele kube khona i-beep. Phinda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Pin 1 kuya ku-Pin 3 kanye ne-Pin 2 kuya ku-Pin 3. Noma yikuphi i-beep phakathi nalezi zivivinyo kusho i-short circuit okumele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhebula.
Ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo lesixhumi Izixhumi eziningi ze-XLR zixhuma igobolondo lensimbi ku-Pin 1 ukuze zivikelwe kakhulu. Hlola phakathi kwegobolondo lensimbi lesixhumanisi ngasinye kanye ne-Pin 1 ukuqinisekisa lokhu kuxhumana uma kukhona. Kodwa-ke, imikhuba iyahlukahluka phakathi kwabakhiqizi, ngakho hlola imibhalo yesixhumi ukuthola imininingwane ethile.
Ukugcina Amarekhodi Ukusetha kobungcweti kuyazuza emibhalweni yokuhlola ehlelekile. Qopha imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi kanye nezinkomba zokuxazulula izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Uma wakha izintambo eziningi, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi efanayo kuyo yonke impahla yakho yekhebula.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Nezixazululo
Ukuqonda izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwehluleka kanye nezimpawu zazo kukusiza ukuthi uxilonge futhi ulungise ngokushesha izintambo ezinenkinga. Ukwehluleka okuningi kwekhebula le-XLR kuwela ezigabeni ezibikezelwayo ezinezimpawu ezihlukile kanye nokulungiswa okulula.
Izinkinga ze-Polarity ezibuyiselwe emuva I-polarity eguquliwe yenzeka lapho ama-Pin 2 no-3 eshintshaniswa kolunye uhlangothi lwekhebula. Izimpawu zifaka amazinga esignali abuthakathaka kanye nokukhanselwa kwesigaba lapho ikhebula lisetshenziswa nezintambo ezixhunywe kahle ekusethweni kwama-microphone amaningi. Umsindo ungase uzwakale unciphile noma ungenalutho, ikakhulukazi lapho amasignali ehlanganiswa ukuze abe yi-mono noma lapho kusetshenziswa ama-microphone amaningi ndawonye. Lungisa lokhu ngokususa i-soldering bese ufaka kabusha izintambo ngendlela efanele ama-pin ashintshiwe.
Izinkinga Zokuhlangana Kwe-Cold Solder Amajoyinti e-solder abandayo abukeka engacacile, enamabala, noma eqhekekile esikhundleni sokuba bushelelezi futhi acwebezelayo. Lokhu kuxhumana okungathembekile kubangela izinkinga zesignali ngezikhathi ezithile, imisindo yokuqhekeka, kanye nokuyeka ngokuphelele lapho ikhebula lihamba. Amajoyinti abandayo avela ekungashiseni okwanele ngesikhathi sokugoqa noma ukuhambisa izingxenye ngaphambi kokuba i-solder iqine ngokuphelele. Lungisa ngokuphinda ufudumale ijoyinti kahle noma ukhiphe ngokuphelele i-solder bese uqala kabusha.
Izinkinga Zesekethe Evulekile Ukulahleka kwesignali okuphelele kuvame ukusho isekethe evulekile - umqhubi ophukile noma ijoyinti le-solder elihlulekile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwehluleka kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zokucindezeleka lapho ikhebula lingena khona esixhumini. Amasekethe avulekile ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho isignali ifika futhi ihamba khona ngokuhamba kwekhebula, ngokuvamile kusho ukuphuka kwentambo yentambo eduze kwesixhumi noma ijoyinti le-solder elihlulekile kancane.
Izinkinga Zomhlabathi Nomswakama Ukungaqhubeki kwe-Pin 1 (umhlaba) kuvumela ukuqoshwa komsindo futhi kungadala izimo ze-ground loop ezibonakala njenge-hum engu-50/60Hz esignalini yakho yomsindo. Le nkinga ibonakala kakhulu ngamamakrofoni asebenzisa i-phantom, angase angasebenzi nhlobo ngokuxhumeka komhlaba okuphukile njengoba amandla e-phantom adinga isekethe ephelele ye-DC nge-Pin 1.
Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nokuxhumanisa Ngezintambo ze-XLR
Ziyini izintambo ezintathu ezikukhebula le-XLR futhi zenzani?
Ikhebula le-XLR linama-conductor amathathu anemisebenzi ethile ekudlulisweni komsindo olinganiselayo. I-Pin 1 ixhuma esivikelweni esilukiwe, ihlinzeka ngereferensi yomhlaba kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-electromagnetic ngokubamba ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle bese ikuhambisa ngokuphephile emhlabathini esikhundleni sokuyivumela ukuthi ingcolise isignali yakho yomsindo. I-Pin 2 iphethe isignali yomsindo "eshisayo" enhle, idlulisa isimo segagasi sokuqala njengoba sibonakala emthonjeni. I-Pin 3 iphethe isignali "ebandayo" engemihle, engaphandle kwesigaba esingu-180° ne-Pin 2, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenqatshwa kwemodi evamile okwenza umsindo olinganiselayo ube ngcono kunokuxhumeka okungalinganiseli kokusetshenziswa kobungcweti.
Ingabe umbala wentambo ubalulekile uma kufakwa izintambo ze-XLR?
Nakuba kungekho zindinganiso zombala ezijwayelekile ezifunwa yi-AES noma ezinye izinhlangano zezindinganiso, ukuvumelana phakathi kweziphetho zombili zekhebula kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube ne-polarity efanele. Izimiso ezivamile zemboni zifaka phakathi obomvu ku-Pin 2 (eshisayo), omhlophe noma omnyama ku-Pin 3 (ebandayo), kanye nethusi elingenalutho noma oluhlaza okotshani ku-Pin 1 (ephansi). Abakhiqizi bezintambo abangochwepheshe njengoMogami, Canare, kanye neGotham ngamunye unezinhlelo zakhe zombala azithandayo - iMogami ivame ukusebenzisa obomvu nomhlophe, kuyilapho iCanare ivame ukusebenzisa omhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umthetho oyinhloko ukugcina izintambo ezifanayo kuzo zombili iziphetho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imibala ethile esetshenzisiwe isetshenziswa.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezixhumi ze-XLR zesilisa nezesifazane ezinhlelweni zomsindo?
Izixhumi ze-XLR zesilisa zinezikhonkwane ezivelele futhi zivame ukuxhuma emithonjeni yesignali njengemakrofoni, okukhiphayo kwezinsimbi, kanye nokukhiphayo kwemishini. Izixhumi ze-XLR zesifazane zinezisekelo futhi zivame ukuxhuma ezindaweni zesignali njenge-mixer inputs, okufakwayo kwe-amplifier, kanye nokufaka kwemishini. Lo mkhuba "wokukhiphayo ngabesilisa, okufakwayo ngabesifazane" uvimbela i-feedback loops ngengozi futhi ulandela amazinga amisiwe embonini yomsindo. Umklamo ongokoqobo uphinde uqinisekise isiqondiso esifanele sokugeleza kwesignali futhi usize ukuvimbela amaphutha okuxhuma kwezintambo ezinhlelweni zomsindo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ungakwazi yini ukuxhuma izixhumi ze-XLR ukuze uthole amasignali omsindo angalingani?
Yebo, izixhumi ze-XLR zingathwala amasignali angalingani, yize lokhu kushiya inzuzo eyinhloko yomsindo olinganiselayo - ikhono lokwenqaba umsindo. Ukuze kuxhunywe okukhiphayo kwe-XLR okulinganiselwe kokufakwayo okungalingani (njengama-jacks e-guitar e-TS), indlela ejwayelekile ixhuma i-Pin 2 esicongweni (isignali) bese ixhuma i-Pin 1 (ephansi) kanye ne-Pin 3 (ebandayo) esikhondweni (ephansi). Lokhu kuvimbela isignali ebandayo ukuthi ingantanti futhi ingase isebenze njenge-antenna yokulanda umsindo. Kodwa-ke, uxhumano oluvelayo lulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinzuzo zokwenqaba imodi evamile futhi kufanele lugcinwe lufushane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngingazihlola kanjani izintambo ze-XLR ngaphandle kwe-multimeter?
Nakuba i-multimeter inikeza ukuhlolwa okuthembekile nokuphelele, ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kungahlolwa kusetshenziswa imakrofoni enamandla exhunywe ku-mixer noma ku-interface yomsindo. Amamakrofoni anamandla awadingi amandla e-phantom, ngakho azosebenza ngisho nasezinkingeni ezincane zomhlaba. Xhuma imakrofoni ngekhebula lakho lokuhlola bese ulalela ukukhiqizwa kwesignali ehlanzekile ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukuyeka ukusebenza, noma umsindo ongavamile lapho uhambisa ikhebula. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngeke ibambe ukuguquguquka kwe-polarity, ukungafani kwe-impedance, noma amaphutha ezintambo ezincane angabangela izinkinga ekusethweni kwama-microphone amaningi noma ngemishini esebenzisa i-phantom.
Kungani izintambo zami ze-XLR zikhiqiza imisindo yokuvungazela noma yokubhonga?
Ukuduma kanye nokuduma kwezintambo ze-XLR kuvame ukukhombisa izinkinga ezihlobene nomhlaba noma ukuqoqwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukuxhumeka kwesihlangu okuphukile (i-Pin 1), ukuvikelwa kwekhebula okonakele, izihibe zomhlabathi phakathi kwemishini exhunyiwe, noma izintambo ze-Pin 1 ezingafanele. Kuma-microphone e-condenser asebenzisa i-phantom, uxhumano lomhlabathi oluphukile luzovimbela imakrofoni ukuthi isebenze ngokuphelele njengoba amandla e-phantom edinga isekethe ephelele ye-DC nge-Pin 1. Izici zemvelo ezifana nokusondela kuma-transformer kagesi, amasekethe e-dimmer, noma imithombo ye-RF nazo zingaba nomthelela ekuqoqweni komsindo ezintanjeni ezivikelwe noma ezonakele ngendlela engafanele.
Bungakanani ubude obukhulu bezintambo ze-XLR ngaphambi kokuba isignali ibe yimbi kakhulu?
Izintambo ze-XLR ezakhiwe kahle zingasebenza amamitha angaphezu kwangu-100 (amamitha angaphezu kwangu-100) ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesignali, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezivamile zokwenqatshwa kwemodi yokudlulisa umsindo olinganiselayo. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezicatshangelwayo ezingokoqobo zifaka phakathi ukwanda kwamandla ekhebula okubangela ukugoqeka kwemvamisa ephezulu, izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-ground loop ekuhambeni okude kakhulu, kanye nemiphumela eqongelelekayo yokumelana kwesixhumi. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-200, cabanga ngokusebenzisa imiklamo yekhebula ene-capacitance ephansi, abashayeli bemigqa elinganiselayo, noma izindlela zokudlulisa zedijithali. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-XLR elinganiselayo ngaphezu kokuxhumeka okungalinganiseli kubonakala kakhulu kulezi zindlela ezinde zokugijima kwekhebula.
Ngingakwazi yini ukulungisa isixhumi se-XLR esonakele, noma kufanele ngisishintshe?
Izinkinga ezilula njengokukhululeka kokucindezeleka okuxekethile, ukuxhumana okungcolile, noma izinkinga ezincane zemishini ngokuvamile zingalungiswa ngokulungiswa okuyisisekelo. Ukuhlanza ukuxhumana nabantu abahlanza ngogesi abafanele (njenge-DeoxIT) kungaxazulula izinkinga ze-oxidation kanye nokungcola. Kodwa-ke, amaphini alimele, imizimba yezixhumi eziqhekekile, izindlela zokukhiya ezihlulekile, noma izintambo zangaphakathi ezithintekile ngokuvamile zidinga ukushintshwa okuphelele kwezixhumi. Njengoba izixhumi ze-XLR zobungcweti zibiza u-$5-15, ukushintshwa kuvame ukuthembeka kakhulu futhi kungabizi kakhulu kunokuzama ukulungisa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Umsebenzi ohilelekile ekuhlukaniseni, ekulungiseni, nasekuhlanganiseni kabusha uvame ukudlula izindleko zezixhumi ezintsha ngenkathi unikeza ukuthembeka okungaqinisekile.
Ukuphetha
Ukufunda ukuxhumanisa izixhumi ze-XLR kuyikhono elibalulekile kochwepheshe bomsindo kanye nabathandi abaqotho. Amasu ahlanganiswe kulo mhlahlandlela - kusukela ekuqondeni imfundiso yomsindo elinganiselayo kuya ezinqubweni zokuhlola ezihlelekile - akuvumela ukuthi udale izintambo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezithembekile ezivame ukusebenza kangcono kunezinye izindlela zokuhweba ngenkathi zinikeza ubude obuqondile bezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezithile.
Impumelelo ekuxhunyweni kwezintambo ze-XLR zobungcweti incike ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukutshala imali ezingxenyeni namathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu, ukuthatha isikhathi esanele sokulungiselela kanye nobuchwepheshe obufanele, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha isitudiyo sasekhaya, ugcina imishini yomsindo ebukhoma, noma usebenza ezindaweni zomsindo zobungcweti, la makhono ahlinzeka ngesisekelo sezinhlelo zomsindo ezithembekile nezisebenza kahle.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuthembeka kwekhebula kuthinta ngqo idumela lakho lobuchwepheshe. Ikhebula le-XLR elakhiwe kahle alimeleli nje ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi, kodwa isixhumanisi esibalulekile eketangeni lakho lesignali yomsindo okumele lisebenze kahle lapho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekufundeni lawa masu kuholela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi, ukuthembeka kwesistimu okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokwaneliseka kokudala amathuluzi ekhwalithi yobungcweti ngezandla zakho.