Umugozi wa Microphone ni iki? Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Wigeze wibaza impamvu amajwi yafashwe yumvikana neza mugihe andi afite urusaku ruteye ubwoba cyangwa kwivanga? Igisubizo gikunze kuba mubintu abantu benshi birengagiza: umugozi wa mikoro.

A. umugozi wa mikoro ni umurongo wihariye wo kohereza amajwi wagenewe gutwara ibimenyetso byo murwego rwo hasi kuva mikoro kugeza kubikoresho bifata amajwi mugihe ugabanya urusaku no kwivanga. Bitandukanye ninsinga zamajwi zisanzwe, insinga za mikoro zubatswe kugirango zikoreshe ibimenyetso byoroshye, bidakomeye byamashanyarazi mikoro itanga-mubisanzwe milivolts nkeya.

Aka gatabo kazakwereka ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga za mikoro, uko zikora, niki gituma insinga zimwe ziruta izindi, nuburyo bwo guhitamo igikwiye kubyo washyizeho. Waba wubaka sitidiyo yo murugo, ukora Live, cyangwa ukora mugutangaza umwuga, gusobanukirwa insinga za mikoro ni urufunguzo rwo kubona amajwi meza yumwuga.

Nigute XLR Umugozi wa Microphone Akazi: Kuringaniza vs Sisitemu idahwitse

Kumva icyo tekinoroji ya mikoro isaba bisaba gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yukuntu izo nsinga zohereza ibimenyetso byamajwi ugereranije ninsinga zisanzwe.

Amahame shingiro yo kohereza

Microphone itanga ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bidakomeye-akenshi bituje inshuro 1000 kurenza ibimenyetso byo kumurongo urwego rukoreshwa nibikoresho byinshi byamajwi. Ibi bimenyetso byoroshye bitwara byoroshye amashanyarazi (EMI) mumashanyarazi, terefone ngendanwa, umurongo wa Wi-Fi, nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Hatariho igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye, amajwi yawe aba yuzuye hums, buzzes, na static.

Umugozi wa mikoro wabigize umwuga gukemura iki kibazo binyuze ihererekanyabubasha. Sisitemu yubwenge ikoresha imiyoboro itatu: ibiri itwara ibimenyetso byamajwi bisa na polarite itandukanye (bita "ishyushye" na "imbeho"), mugihe icya gatatu gitanga icyerekezo.

Impamvu Iringaniza Intsinga Ijwi Kugabanya Urusaku

Hano niho ubumaji bubera: intambamyi iyo ari yo yose igira ingaruka ku nsinga igira ingaruka ku nsinga zombi. Iyo ibikoresho byakira bihindura polarite yikimenyetso kimwe ikabihuza nikindi, amajwi yumwimerere akubye kabiri imbaraga mugihe intambamyi ihagarika burundu. Iyi nzira, yitwa uburyo busanzwe bwo kwangwa, irashobora gukuraho urusaku rugera kuri 60 dB-ibyo bigabanuka inshuro 1000 mumajwi udashaka.

Intsinga zitaringaniye, zinyuranye, koresha imiyoboro ibiri gusa (ibimenyetso nubutaka) kandi ntutange uburinzi bwo kwivanga. Mugihe bihagije kwiruka bigufi hamwe nibimenyetso bikomeye, ntibikwiye porogaramu ya mikoro yabigize umwuga.

Niki Imbere muri Cable ya Microphone Yumwuga: Ubwubatsi nibikoresho

Imiterere ya kabili ya mikoro irakwereka impamvu insinga zimwe zigura amafaranga menshi kurenza izindi kandi zikora neza mubidukikije.

Umuyoboro Wibanze Ibikoresho nigishushanyo

Umutima wa kabili ya mikoro iyo ari yo yose nuyobora. Intsinga zumwuga zikoreshwa umuringa utagira ogisijeni (OFC) cyangwa amabati yatunganijwe neza, mubisanzwe muri 20-24 AWG (American Wire Gauge). Hasi ya numero ya AWG, niko insinga nini kandi irwanya ingufu zamashanyarazi-ingenzi kumurongo muremure.

Intsinga zo murwego rwohejuru zikunze kugaragaramo imirongo myinshi aho kuba insinga ikomeye. Iyi migozi yoroheje irwanya umunaniro uva kunama no gutondeka, nini cyane mukuzenguruka no gukora ibikorwa bizima.

Kugenzura no kugenzura ubushobozi

Buri kiyobora yapfunyitse mu bwishingizi, ubusanzwe polyethylene (PE) cyangwa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Ibi ntabwo ari ukurinda gusa imiyoboro migufi-ibikoresho byo kubika ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa kabili. Ubushobozi buke burinda igisubizo cyinshi, cyane cyane kuri mikoro yoroheje.

Intsinga nziza zirimo ipamba cyangwa impapuro zuzuza umugozi uzengurutse igice kandi zitanga ubundi burinzi kubintu byimbere byimbere.

Sisitemu Yambere Yikingira

Sisitemu yo gukingira itandukanya insinga nziza nizindi zidasanzwe. Intsinga zifatizo zikoresha ingabo zoroshye zometseho umuringa hamwe na 85-90%. Impamyabumenyi yabigize umwuga ikoresha ikingira ikingira: aluminiyumu itanga 100% ikingira radiyo (RFI), mugihe ingabo zumuringa zometseho zikoresha amashanyarazi make (EMI).

Ikoti yo hanze, ubusanzwe PVC cyangwa polyurethane (TPU), irinda ubushuhe, amavuta, no kwangirika kumubiri mugihe ikomeza guhinduka mubushyuhe bukabije.

Ubwoko bwa Microphone Bisanzwe Ubwoko: XLR, TRS, na Byihuza Byihariye

Porogaramu zitandukanye zirasaba ubwoko butandukanye, buriwese yatunganijwe kubibazo byihariye byo gukoresha nibisabwa.

XLR Microphone Cable Ibipimo

Uwiteka 3-pin XLR umuhuza yiganje amajwi yumwuga kubwimpamvu nziza. Uburyo bukomeye bwo gufunga, kwerekana neza pin (Pin 1-Ground, Pin 2-Ashyushye, Pin 3-Ubukonje), hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara imbaraga za fantom bituma biba byiza kuri studio no kubishyira mubikorwa.

Abagabo ba XLR bahuza mubisanzwe bifata mikoro isohoka, mugihe XLR ihuza igitsina gore ihuza kuvanga no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa. Iboneza birinda imiyoboro migufi itunguranye kandi ikomeza icyerekezo cyerekana ibimenyetso muri sisitemu yamajwi.

Impinduka zidasanzwe zirimo 5-pin XLR ya progaramu ya stereo na 7-pin XLR kuri mikoro ya vintage ya mikoro isaba ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe butandukanye.

TRS Iringaniza Umugozi Uhuza

Igihembwe TRS (Impanuro-Impeta-Sleeve) ihuza tanga amahuza aringaniye muburyo bworoshye. Impanuro itwara ibimenyetso bishyushye, impeta itwara ibimenyetso bikonje, kandi amaboko atanga ubutaka - bukora kimwe na XLR ariko muburyo butandukanye.

Ihuriro rya TRS risanzwe muburyo bwa patch bay, preamps zimwe, hamwe nigihe aho imbogamizi zumwanya zituma XLR idakorwa.

Amahitamo ataringaniye hamwe nimbibi

TS (Impanuro-Sleeve) icya kane-na 3,5 mm ihuza kwigomwa urusaku kwangwa kubworoshye no kuzigama amafaranga. Ihuriro ridahwitse rikora bihagije kubikorwa bigufi hamwe na mikoro myinshi isohoka cyane ariko ntibikwiriye kwandikwa kubuhanga cyangwa gukora insinga ndende.

Nigute wahitamo umugozi mwiza wa Microphone kubyo ukeneye gufata amajwi

Guhitamo mikoro ya mikoro iboneye biterwa na progaramu yawe yihariye, ibidukikije, nibisabwa.

Porogaramu-ishingiye ku guhitamo

Gufata amajwiisaba insinga zibika sonic ubunyangamugayo kuruta ibindi byose. Shakisha ubushobozi buke (munsi ya 50 pF kumaguru) hamwe nuyobora neza kandi urusaku ruke. Ihinduka rya kabili ntirishobora gukomera kuva insinga za studio zisanzwe ziguma zihagaze.

Imikorere ya Liveikeneye kuramba no kwizerwa. Hitamo insinga zifite imbaraga zo korohereza imbaraga, ikoti ryimbere yo hanze, hamwe nu muyoboro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ushobora gufata inshuro nyinshi gucomeka, gucomeka, no guhangayika kumubiri. Guhuza Neutrik nibikundwa ninganda kuko byizewe kandi birakorwa.

Kwamamaza no gutangaza amakuruPorogaramu ikenera uburebure bwamabara yihariye hamwe nubuyobozi bwiza. Shakisha insinga zifite imiyoboro mito mito itazajya muburyo bwibikoresho bizamuka.

Ibyingenzi bya tekinike Ibisobanuro byasobanuwe

Uburebure bwa kabili bugira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye kubera ubushobozi bwa capacitance. Mugihe Umugozi wa XLR Urashobora kwiruka amagana amagana nta gutakaza ibimenyetso byingenzi, uzabona imikorere myiza hamwe no kwiruka munsi ya metero 100 kubisabwa byinshi.

Guhuza impedance byemeza imbaraga nyinshi zoherejwe hamwe nibitekerezo bike. Umugozi wa mikoro usanzwe wateguwe kubisanzwe 150-600 ohm impedance ya mikoro yabigize umwuga.

Tekereza ku bidukikije: ibyabaye hanze bikenera amakoti adashobora kwihanganira UV, mugihe ikirere gikonje gikenera insinga ziguma zihindagurika mubushyuhe buke.

Ingengo yimari nubuziranenge

Intsinga yo murwego rwohejuru ($ 10-25) ikora neza kuri sitidiyo yo murugo no kuyikoresha bisanzwe ariko irashobora kubura igihe kirekire kubikorwa byumwuga. Amahitamo yo hagati ($ 25-75) atanga agaciro keza kubakoresha benshi, atanga imikorere-yumwuga nta giciro cyo hejuru.

Intsinga zohejuru ($ 75-200 +) zerekana igiciro cyazo mubikorwa bikomeye aho ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso byingenzi kandi gutsindwa ntabwo ari amahitamo. Ibi bikunze kugaragaramo ibikoresho byayobora bidasanzwe, gukingirwa gukomeye, hamwe na garanti yubuzima.

Microphone ikwiye gushiraho no gufata neza imyitozo myiza

Gukosora neza no kubungabunga byongera umugozi wubuzima kandi ugakomeza imikorere ihoraho mubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi.

Amabwiriza yo Kwishyiriraho Ibikorwa Byiza

Ntuzigere ukoresha insinga za mikoro ihwanye ninsinga z'amashanyarazi - komeza byibuze gutandukana na santimetero 12 cyangwa kwambukiranya kuri dogere 90 mugihe ihuriro ridashobora kwirindwa. Ibi birinda 50 / 60Hz hum pickup ishobora kwangiza amajwi.

Wubahe byibuze kugoreka radiyo, mubisanzwe inshuro 8-10 z'umurambararo. Gukonjesha gukomeye gushimangira ibice byimbere kandi birashobora gutera kunanirwa rimwe na rimwe.

Koresha umutwaro ukwiye kumpande zombi. Ihuza rya boot ya boot igomba gukuramo imashini, ntabwo igurisha neza kugurisha imbere.

Uburyo bukenewe bwo gufata neza

Sukura XLR ihuza buri kwezi hamwe nogusukura hamwe na brush ntoya. Oxidation kuri pin itera urusaku hamwe nigihe kimwe gihuza bitesha agaciro amajwi.

Ubike insinga neza: gufunga neza cyangwa gushushanya-8 gupfunyika birinda guhangayika imbere kandi byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi. Irinde kumanika insinga ziremereye nabahuza.

Kugenzura insinga buri gihe kugirango ugabanye, kinks, cyangwa wangiritse. Kemura ibibazo bito ako kanya mbere yuko biba kunanirwa gukomeye.

Gukemura Microphone Cable Ibibazo: Gukemura Ibibazo Bisanzwe

Kumenya no gukemura ibibazo byamajwi bifitanye isano na majwi bikiza igihe kandi bikarinda gufata amajwi.

Kumenya urusaku ninkomoko yinkomoko

Hum (50/60 Hz inshuro nyinshi hamwe nuburinganire) mubisanzwe byerekana imashini itwara amashanyarazi. Reba inzira ya kabili hanyuma urebe neza uburyo bwo gukingira.

Buzz akenshi biva mubutaka-inzira nyinshi zo guhagarara zikora amashanyarazi. Koresha imiyoboro iringaniye mumurongo wibimenyetso, hanyuma urebe ko ibikoresho byose bisangiye ubutaka bumwe.

Kwivanga kwa radiyoYerekana nka radiyo nini cyane cyangwa radiyo nyayo. Menya neza ko guhuza ingabo bikomeye kandi utekereze insinga hamwe no kwangwa na RFI.

Ibibazo byubuziranenge

Kuvunika rimwe na rimwe cyangwa guta ishuri bisobanura kuvunika imbere imbere cyangwa guhuza. Witonze witonze umugozi mugihe ukurikirana amajwi kugirango ubone aho ikibazo kigeze.

Guhagarika icyiciro birema "ubusa" cyangwa ijwi ridakomeye mugihe ibimenyetso biva kuri mikoro menshi bikorana. Kabiri-reba ko insinga zose zigumana ibipimo bya pin wiring.

Gusana vs Ubukungu bwo Gusimbuza

Gusimbuza umuhuza byoroshye bigura amadorari 20-40 kumaduka menshi yo gusana kandi akenshi azana insinga nziza mugikorwa cyuzuye. Nyamara, imiyoboro yimbere yimbere ikenera gusimburwa byuzuye kuva ibiciro byo gusana birenze agaciro kabel.

Inama zumwuga: Amahitamo ya Microphone Yambere Amahitamo hamwe nigihe kizaza

Umusaruro wamajwi ugezweho ukenera ibisubizo byihariye kubidukikije bigoye hamwe nibisabwa.

Ibisubizo Byinshi-Ibidukikije Ibisubizo

Kubaka inyenyeriikoresha imiyoboro ine muburyo bwihariye bugoretse itanga urusaku rwinshi ugereranije nibisanzwe bigoretse-byombi. Izi nsinga ziza cyane mubidukikije hamwe na electromagnetic iremereye iturutse kuri sisitemu yo kumurika, moteri, cyangwa imiyoboro ya RF.

Ubundi buryo bwo gukingira burimo gushiramo impuzu zipfundikirwa hamwe na jackettes zipakiye karubone zitanga gutandukana - urufunguzo rwibisabwa birimo imyenda yubukorikori cyangwa ibidukikije byumye.

Sisitemu y'amajwi hamwe na sisitemu ishingiye kuri sisitemu

AES / EBU ihuza mikoro ya mikorokoresha ihuza XLR imwe ariko bisaba insinga 110-ohm impedance yagenewe byumwihariko kubimenyetso bya digitale. Gukoresha insinga ya mikoro isa nibimenyetso bya digitale bitera gutekereza no kwibeshya.

Dante na AVB protocolekoresha amajwi meza cyane hejuru ya CAT5e / CAT6 insinga za ethernet, birashoboka gukuraho insinga za mikoro gakondo mubice bimwe. Nyamara, sisitemu isaba ibikorwa remezo kandi ntabwo itanga imbaraga za fantom.

Sisitemu ya mikoro idafite insinga ikomeza kuba nziza, ariko insinga zikomeza kujya kuri progaramu zikomeye aho kwivanga bitemewe kandi ubukererwe bugomba kuba zeru.

Gusobanukirwa Niki Tekinoroji ya Microphone Ikoreshwa: Ibyingenzi

Umugozi wa mikoro ni inzira irenze insinga zoroshye - ni uburyo bwogukwirakwiza bworoshye bwo kubika ibimenyetso byamajwi byoroshye mubidukikije bigoye. Ibintu byingenzi bisobanura insinga za mikoro nziza zirimo kwanduza kuringaniza kwanga urusaku, gukingira neza kutabangamira, kubaka igihe kirekire kubwizerwa, hamwe nibiranga inzitizi zikwiye zo kohereza ibimenyetso neza.

Mugihe uhitamo insinga, wibande kubikorwa byawe byihariye: akazi ka studio gasaba sonic kweri, imikorere nzima ikenera kuramba, kandi porogaramu isaba ikeneye kwizerwa kuruta ibindi byose. Ntukirengagize kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga - ndetse ninsinga nziza ntizikora neza niba zashizweho nabi cyangwa zidafashwe neza.

Gusobanukirwa nibyingenzi biguha imbaraga zo gufata ibyemezo byubwenge bijyanye numuyoboro wamajwi yawe kandi ukagera kumajwi yumwuga yumwuga imishinga yawe ikwiye. Waba wandika podcast yawe ya mbere cyangwa ukavanga igitaramo gikomeye, umugozi wiburyo wa mikoro ukora umurongo wambere wingenzi murwego rwo gutunganya amajwi.

Witeguye kuzamura amajwi yawe? Tangira usuzuma insinga zawe zigezweho ukurikije ibi bipimo, hanyuma utekereze gushora imari muburyo bwiza buzakoresha amajwi yawe mumyaka iri imbere.